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17
Ironing
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Ironing

17
Ironing
Fig. 1
Ironing
A0 peripheral area preferred A1 peripheral area second draw
d0 outside diameter preferred d1 inside diameter preferred d2  Outer diameter of second draw d3 Inner diameter of second draw h0 Height of preferred draw h1 Height of finished draw

During ironing, a deep-drawn cup is picked up by the punch and pulled completely through the drawing die. This results in a reduction in wall thickness while the thickness of the floor remains unchanged.

At the beginning of the drawing process, the ironing force is initially absorbed via the floor area. As soon as the frame is in contact with the punch , the friction between the punch and the frame partially contributes to the transmission of the drawing force.57

Eqn. 1
\require{color}\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{255,0,0} \varphi=\ln\frac{A_{\color{myred}0}}{A_{\color{myred}1}}=\ln\frac{d_{\color{myred}0}^{\color{myred}2}-d_{\color{myred}1}^{\color{myred}2}}{d_{\color{myred}2}^{\color{myred}2}-d_{\color{myred}3}^{\color{myred}2}}
Eqn. 2
\require{color}\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{255,0,0} \varepsilon_{\color{myred}A}=1-\frac{A_{\color{myred}1}}{A_{\color{myred}0}}=1-\frac{d_{\color{myred}2}^{\color{myred}2}-d_{\color{myred}3}^{\color{myred}2}}{d_{\color{myred}0}^{\color{myred}2}-d_{\color{myred}1}^{\color{myred}2}}
Eqn. 3
\require{color}\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{255,0,0} F_{\color{myred}A}=\frac\pi4\cdot\left(d_{\color{myred}2}^{\color{myred}2}-d_{\color{myred}3}^{\color{myred}2}\right)\cdot\frac{k_{\color{myred}fm}\cdot\varphi}{\sqrt{0,9\cdot{\displaystyle\frac{\varepsilon_{\color{myred}A}}{100}}}}
Eqn. 4
\require{color}\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{255,0,0} F_{\color{myred}BR}=A_{\color{myred}1}\cdot R_{\color{myred}m}=\left(d_{\color{myred}2}^{\color{myred}2}-d_{\color{myred}3}^{\color{myred}2}\right)\cdot\frac\pi4\cdot R_{\color{myred}m}>F_{\color{myred}A}
Eqn. 5
\require{color}\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{255,0,0} W_{\color{myred}A}=F_{\color{myred}A}\cdot h_{\color{myred}1}\cdot m_{\color{myred}A}
Natural strainφ=0.35 
Cross-sectional strainεA=29.69% 
Ironing forceFA=180.62kN 
Tearing forceFBR=583.16kN 
Work strippingWA=22.27kJ 
Punch diameterd0 = 50mm
d1 = 30mm
d2 = 45mm
d3 = 30mm
Average work hardeningkfm = 300MPa
Tensile strengthRm = 660MPa
Mean factor stretchingmA = 0.9
Heighth1 = 137mm
50
Calc 1
Natural strain of ironing by ironing

The force required to tear the soil must always be greater than the ironing force. This therefore defines the limitations of the procedure.

When ironing , the average factor mA tends to be high and therefore close to 1.
Werkstoff
φzul
Al99,5-99,8, AlMgSi1, AlMg 1, AlCuMg1
0.35
AlMg 2
0.35
Ms63 (CuZn37)
0.45
Ck10 - Ck15, Cq22 - Cq35
0.45
42CrMo4, 16MnCr5, Cq45
0.35
Tbl. 1
Forming machine with 1 drawing ring12
Higher natural strains can be achieved through intermediate annealing.
12
Tschätsch, H. / Praxis der Umformtechnik / Vieweg / Wiesbaden / 2003 / 7. Auflage
57
Lange, K. et al. / Fließpressen / Springer / Stuttgart / 2008 / 1. Auflage. Auflage
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